As the investigation is still in progress and will doubtless include other coals than those already examined, the bulletin may be considered a preliminary report, stating the problems studied. Gb metallurgical coal presents a wider range of volatile matter than astm metallurgical coal. An introduction to coal quality usgs publications repository. Naval engineering experiment station, annapolis, md. This test is typically performed in a vacuum, and studies the amount and type of gasses given off by the piece of coal. A coal analysis of the volatile matter can help determine the makeup of the coal and produce results that will help conclude market value, and uses of that coal. Volatile matter volatile matters are the methane, hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and incombustible gases like carbon dioxide and nitrogen found in coal. D5142 test methods for proximate analysis of the analysis sample of coal and coke by instrumental procedures. Measuring volatile matter in coal and recording standards for different components of the volatile matter. This makes soft coal relatively easy to burn because ignition is main. Application of libs for direct determination of volatile.
Conversely, using a coal with higher volatile matter can be beneficial for ignition and combustion processes because they are easier to ignite, generally have. Advanced coal science coal marketing international. Volatile matter has its volatility determined not by temperature but more so by the vapor pressure required to initiate a phase change. Coals are classified by rank according to their progressive alteration in the natural metamorphosis from lignite to anthracite. Pdf effect of coal volatile matter on emissions of. Pdf standard test method for volatile matter in the. The volatile matter contains the par ent compounds that are used to produce the products shown in figure 3. While the goal of combustion is to produce the maximum amount of heat possible by oxidizing all the combustible material, the goal of gasification is to convert most of the combustible solids into combustible gases. Sulfur, ash, volatile matter and phosphorus are specified on an airdried basis throughout this guide, unless marked otherwise.
This is usually a mixture of short and longchain hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and some sulfur. Chapter 7 coal penn state college of earth and mineral. Gentle heating of coal at a temperature slightly above the boiling point of water causes a loss of weight from the sample that is. Refer to astm 3180 iso 1170 in as much as hydrogen values may be reported on the basis of containing or not containing the hydrogen in water moisture associated with the sample, alternative conversion procedures are defined below. Prior to testing, moisture content is driven off and recorded as the residual moisture content. Coking coal a bituminous coal containing 8090% carbon and that is suitable for the. To understand these transformations, gaseous emissions 2 and compounds trapped in fly ash and slag must be.
Application of libs for direct determination of volatile matter content in coal article pdf available in journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 2611. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. Fixed carbon is the solid combustible residue that remains after a coal particle is heated and the volatile matter is expelled. It is also one of the factors determining the fineness of grind required, and hence puvlerizer capacity and burner settings. Pierren abstract this study was undertaken as part of the effort to standardize national and mternationalmethods of testing coal.
Volatile matter part of proximate analysis, coal analysis, kentucky. Volatile matter is one of the factors governing the ignition and flame stability, the reactivity and burnout of chars, and the amount of unburned carbon in the fly ash carpenter, 1998. Different regions have their own methods, but they all involve heating a specific amount of coal to a specific temperature for a specific amount of time. A5tm d 297487 standard test methods for moisture, ash. Pdf effect of coal volatile matter on emissions of boiler combustion. Prior to testing, moisture content is driven off and recorded as. The term volatile matter, which always appears in the report of a bituminous coal analysis, lacks the complete definite ness which we associate with the other. The effects of inert matters and low volatile coal. Astm d3175 18 standard test method for volatile matter. The volatile matter of coal oneill 1916 journal of. Coke a combustible material consisting of the fused coal ash and fixed carbon of bituminous coal, produced by driving off the coal s volatile matter. The proximate analysis of coal separates the products into four groups. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing.
In this study, effect of coal volatile matter on the combustion efficiency and co, so2, nox and particulate emissions of the bituminous coals and lignite from turkey and sibirya are investigated. Astm d317520 red standard test method for volatile. Standard test method for volatile matter in the analysis. Volatile matter in coal refers to the components of coal, except for moisture, which are liberated at high temperature in the absence of air. As discussed previously the volatile matter and fixed carbon of the coal contain energy and this can be harnessed for the purposes of raising steam for electricity generation and general boiler use or for the calcining of limestone in the manufacturing of cement. Proximate analysis handbook of coal analysis wiley. Thus the volatile matter is an index of the gaseous fuels present. The main factors to influence the behavior of carbothermic reduction include green ball properties. Methods for the determination ofvolatlle matter and ash in coalare empirical in na.
The volatile matter test for coal is generally a very strict operation. Bituminous coals from zonguldak basin hava a considerable amount of volatile matter contents, some of which are easy to desorp from the coal surface during. The effects of inert matters and low volatile coal addition on the plasticity t r a n s a c t i o n p a p e r the journal of the south african institute of mining and metallurgy volume 106 refereed paper march 2006 201 table ii ash, volatile matter and mean vitrinite reflectance of coals from eregli iron and steel company z lv1 lv2 ash db. This bulletin is a report on an investigation of the volatile matter in several typical coalsits composition and amount at different temperatures of volatilization. Standard test method for volatile matter in the analysis sample of coal and coke 1. Petroleum, coal and related products division council. Boiler fuels, emissions and efficiency ced engineering. The sale of coal for thermal purposes constitutes the.
Volatile matter tends to not remain in one state and will rapidly transition to another state, or vaporize, when the right conditions are met. Volatile matter has its volatility determined not by temperature but more so. Volatile matter is the gas, vapor, and or volatiles other than moisture given off by coal during the process of combustion. Volatile matter consists of aliphatic carbon atoms linked in open chains or aromatic. This standard is issued under the fixed designation d3175. The relationship between unburned carbon levels in coal. Lignites, the lowest coal rank, are usually brown and of a laminar struc ture due to woody fibers. This high variation range of the volatile matter indicates a potentially high.
In this study, considering a specific coal fired power plant, fly ash samples were analyzed in terms of unburned carbon ubc and amount of ubc in these samples were compared to coal volatile matter. This process drives off the volatile matter in the coal. Coal has a significant amount of organic matter in its structure which can be transformed during combustion processes in power generation. Chemical composition and physical characteristics of coal and. Most coals, as they are dug from the ground, have some amount of moisture associated with them. Astm d317518 standard test method for volatile matter. Volatile matter also evaluate the adsorption application of an activated carbon. Pulverized coal combustion is determined by char chemical reactivity, which depends of its morphology developed during the devolatilization process. Volatile matter is essentially a measure of the nonwater gases formed from a coal sample during heating.
Platts also publishes six weekly brand relativities on an fob hampton roads basis. D3180 practice for calculating coal and coke analyses from asdetermined to different bases. Mathematical models of the thermal decomposition of coal. For example, fm has a volatile matter from 10 to 37%, dmmf. Inorganic oxide percentages wt % from normalised xrf analysis of whole coal samples 4. Miller, in ultrasupercritical coal power plants, 20. Coal rank a coal classification based on degree of metamorphism. Volatile organic compounds water no cas number assigned 7732185 1. Determination of volatile organic compounds in coal, fly. Classification of coal based on volatile matter and cooking power of clean material sponsored links coal is a readily combustible rock containing more than 50 percent by weight of carbonaceous material formed from compaction and indurations of variously altered plant remains similar to those in peat. Coal deposits and properties the mcketta department of. Moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon determination in coke introduction sample preparation accessories calibration samples sample mass method reference analysis time method general parameters method step parameters moisture, volatile matter, and ash are all important solid fuel characterization measurements for coke materials. The fixed carbon content of coals, not including the moisture and ash.
Volatile matter is measured directly in the automated proximate analyzer. The fixedcarbon content of a coal is determined by subtracting the percentages of moisture, volatile matter, and ash from a sample. Comparison of methods for determination of volatile matter. D6374 test method for volatile matter in green petroleum coke quartz crucible procedure. Volatile matter and maximum vitrinite reflectance are the most important rank parameters used to determine the value of a coking coal. This method is applicable for the determination of volatile matter content, water content, density, volume solids, and weight solids of paint, varnish, lacquer, or other related surface coatings. Lignite is usually high in volatile matter and moisture content and.