The commission is preparing measures to limit exposure to aluminium containing additives and intend to prepare a proposal with revised levels by september 2011. Apr 05, 20 aluminium containing food additives, e 523 aluminium ammonium sulphate, 541 i, ii sodium aluminium phosphates acidic and basic, e 554 sodium aluminosilicate, e 556 calcium aluminium silicate, e 559 aluminium silicate, dietary exposure estimates. In addition, aluminium can migrate to food from aluminiumcontaining food contact materials such as cooking utensils, kitchen equipment and packaging materials. Major sources of human oral exposure to aluminium include food due to its use in food additives, food and beverage packaging, and cooking utensils, drinking water due to its use in municipal water treatment, and aluminiumcontaining medications particularly. In accordance with the german additives admission regulation additives containing aluminium releasing agents and colour lakes may be added to such products. Aluminium content of selected foods and food products. Aluminium content in foods with aluminiumcontaining food additives. Nov 18, 2012 regulatory control on aluminium containing food additives 2international arena. Aluminumcontaining food additives used in puied food according to the aluminum dietary exposure risk assessment report, the average intake of aluminum through aluminumcontaining food additives among children aged 714 years has exceeded the ptwi account for 105. Additives containing aluminum, such as sodium aluminum phosphate and sodium aluminum sulfate, are used as stabilizers in many processed foods. On 3 may in brussels, the eu made amendment recommendations to annex ii of regulation ec no 332008, issuing a circular to the european commission to develop draft regulations to the european parliament and council on the conditions and standards of aluminium in foods and additives. Regulatory control on aluminium containing food additives 2international arena.
Introduction according to the food protection committee of the food and nutrition board, food additives may be defined as follows. Eu restrictions on use of aluminiumcontaining food. Pdf aluminium content of some foods and food products in the. Aluminium can occur in food as a result of its natural occurrence in the environment, contamination from various sources, leaching from food contact materials and the use of aluminiumcontaining food additives. The history of aluminumcontaining food additives in the us. Besides, we recommend that the provisions for aluminium containing food additives in the commodity standards such as codex stan 2512006 blend of skimmed milk and vegetable fat in powdered form. These sites are then placed on the national priorities list npl and are targeted for longterm federal cleanup activities.
Uses aluminum metal aluminum compounds consumer products aluminum is used to make beverage cans, pots and pans, airplanes, siding and roofing, and foil. Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants prepared by the seventyfourth meeting of the joint faowho expert committee on food additives jecfa. Archived health canada requests information from industry. Coloring agents most coloring agents are used to improve the overall attractiveness of the food. Various aluminium compounds were evaluated by the committee at its thir.
Analysis of aluminium content of a number of foods and food products was therefore undertaken in order to evaluate the nutritional intake of aluminium. Eu restrictions on use of aluminiumcontaining food additives. Pdf increased urinary excretion of aluminium after. New eu legislation has been introduced which restricts the use of aluminium containing food additives such as aluminium silicates commonly used in as anticaking agents, and aluminium lakes of colours. Aluminium is taken up from the gut, but absorption is low generally 0. Estimates of dietary exposure of children to aluminiumcontaining food additives, including highlevel dietary exposure, can exceed the ptwi by up to 2fold. Food additive watch list ewgs dirty dozen guide to. These foods included mostly food categories using al containing food additives, such as steamed bread, noodles and jellyfish that are very popular with the public. This public health statement tells you about aluminum and the effects of exposure to it.
Food and agriculture organization world health of the united. Generally, the intake of aluminium from foods is less than 1% of that consumed by individuals using aluminium containing pharmaceuticals. The commission has not yet tabled a formal proposal but i attach a copy of the informal proposal currently under discussion annex 1. Regulators and consumers were concerned about the potential health impact resulting from al in food and the appropriateness of regulatory control of al containing food additives. The committee concluded that the noael of 30 mgkg bw per day was an appropriate basis for establishing a ptwi for aluminium compounds. Search results may be viewed on screen, or downloaded into standard reports or spreadsheets by simply clicking a button. The food additives e 523 aluminium ammonium sulphate and e 541i, ii sodium aluminium. Toxguide for aluminum agency for toxic substances and.
While aluminum is usually associated with beverage cans or roofing material, small amounts of aluminum can be found in antacids, buffered aspirin and food additives. Dietary and other sources of aluminium intake aluminium in the food supply comes from natural sources including water, food additives, and contamination by aluminium utensils and containers. Aluminiumcontaining antiperspirants contribute to aluminium. Activities of efsa in the area of aluminium prasentation. The primary objective was to determine the aluminium al content of selected foods.
The aluminium al content of 105 samples, including bakery products made with. The aluminium content of the core foods of the fda total diet study were determined by analyses, recipe calculation, or literature values and coupled with information on food consumption from the 198788 us department of agriculture. Assessment of the bioavailability of aluminium compounds is confounded by limitations in the analytical methodology, particularly for older studies, by concurrent exposure to modifying factors and by dosedependency. Aluminium content in foods with aluminiumcontaining food. Guidelines on the use of aluminiumcontaining food additives. Pdf aluminium content in foods with aluminiumcontaining food.
The experts on the afc1 panel estimated that intakes of aluminium may exceed the twi in a significant part of the european population. However, high levels of aluminum have recently been found in groundwater in northwestern and central wisconsin. Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Since aluminiumcontaining additives are not allowed to be added to cocoa powder, these values are assumed to be the result of the natural. Aluminium in food al is present in foods naturally or from the use of alcontaining food additives sepe et al. Aluminiumcontaining food additives addendum first draft prepared by d. The intake of aluminum from food and water is low, especially compared with that consumed by people taking aluminumcontaining medicinals. Generally, the intake of aluminium from foods is less than 1% of that consumed by individuals using aluminium. Intake of al from the labeled serving size of each. Aluminiumcontaining food additives, e 523 aluminium ammonium sulphate, 541 i. Aluminum in food the nature and contribution of food. The concentrations in foods and beverages vary widely, depending upon the food product, the type of processing.
In the uk, the miscellaneous food additives regulations 1995 permit the use of aluminium silicates in a limited number of foods at specified maximum levels, for example, up to 1%. Pdf aluminum in food the nature and contribution of food. Sep 28, 2007 intake of aluminium from food additives varies greatly 0 to 95 mg al daily among residents in north america, with the median intake for adults being about 24 mg daily. Dietary and other sources of aluminium intake greger. Food additives considered for specifications only food additive specifications a aluminium lakes of colouring matters general specifications r aluminium powder r hydroxypropyl cellulose r.
Consequently, the joint faowho expert committee on food additives reduced the provisional tolerable weekly intake value for aluminium from 7 mg kg1 body weightweek to 1 mg kg1 body weightweek. According to the content declarations, additives containing aluminium were, however, not used in any of the products tested here. For adults, the estimates of mean dietary exposure to aluminium containing food additives from consumption of cereals and cerealbased products are up to the ptwi of 2 mgkg bw. Oct 15, 2019 certain food containers and additives contain trace amounts of aluminum, which you may ingest, according to the agency for toxic substances and disease registry atsdr. Drinking water is not usually a significant source of aluminum exposure. Certain food containers and additives contain trace amounts of aluminum, which you may ingest, according to the agency for toxic substances and disease registry atsdr. The eums are therefore of the opinion that staple foodstuffs consumed on a daily basis should not contain, as a general approach, aluminium containing food additives. For example, sea urchin roe caviar may contain potassium aluminum silicate up to a maximum level of 350 parts per million ppm. The annual use of alcontaining food additives in the usa has probably. Thus most adults consume 110 mg aluminium daily from natural sources.
In addition, sodium nitrite is used not only as an antimicrobial, but also to fix the color of meat by interaction with meat pigments. These foods included mostly food categories using alcontaining food additives, such as steamed bread, noodles and jellyfish that are very popular with the public. Some aluminiumcontaining food additives are generally permitted to be used in food in many countries e. Food is an important source of human aluminium al exposure and regular consumption of foods containing albased food additives may result in high al intakes above healthbased tolerable intakes. Food additives containing aluminium are commonly used in baked products as leavening agents and also as emulsifiers and anticaking agents. Aluminiumcontaining food additives, e 523 aluminium ammonium sulphate, 541 i, ii sodium aluminium phosphates acidic and basic, e 554 sodium aluminosilicate, e 556 calcium aluminium silicate, e 559 aluminium silicate, dietary exposure estimates. Jul 15, 2008 scientists at europes food safety watchdog have assessed the safety of aluminium from all sources in food and established a tolerable weekly intake twi of 1 milligram of aluminium per kilogram of body weight. However, high levels of aluminum have recently been found in groundwater in northwestern and. The revision of aluminumcontaining food additive provisions.
Use the link below to share a fulltext version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Dietary exposure to aluminiumcontaining food additives. Commission regulation eu no 3802012 of 3 may 2012 amending. The environmental protection agency epa identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in the nation. Estimates of dietary exposure of children to aluminium containing food additives, including highlevel dietary exposure, can exceed the ptwi by up to 2fold. Pdf aluminium content of some foods and food products in. Aluminum in food the nature and contribution of food additives 205 1899, that baking powder containing sodium aluminum sulfate had not been shown to cause functional disorders or disease or impairment of the digestion and general health to humans. Food additives containing aluminum will be restricted and forbidden in china. Jecfa evaluation of aluminiumcontaining food additives. Dietary exposure to aluminiumcontaining food additives european. The european food safety authority reached the same conclusions in 2008 in its scientific opinion on aluminium1. Scientists at europes food safety watchdog have assessed the safety of aluminium from all sources in food and established a tolerable weekly intake twi of 1 milligram of aluminium per kilogram of body weight. The committee recommended that provisions for food additives containing aluminium included in the codex general standard for food additives should be compatible with the revised ptwi. Aluminium content of some foods and food products in the usa, with aluminium food additives article pdf available in food additives and contaminants 223.
Eu aluminium food regulation additives, flavours, starch. The intake of aluminum from food and water is low, especially compared with that consumed by people taking aluminum containing medicinals. Reducing the use of aluminiumcontaining food additives. For adults, the estimates of mean dietary exposure to aluminiumcontaining food additives from consumption of cereals and cerealbased products are up to the ptwi of 2 mgkg bw. Daily intakes of aluminium were estimated for 14 agesex groups based on the food and drug administrations fda total diet study dietary exposure model. Nov 28, 2011 in accordance with the german additives admission regulation additives containing aluminium releasing agents and colour lakes may be added to such products. Us, eu, australia, new zealand, japan and mainland china. Detection and characterization of aluminiumcontaining. The food additives and contaminants surveillance database is a searchable database containing all the surveillance data published in food additives and contaminants part b fac b since its launch in june 2008. In addition, aluminium can migrate to food from aluminium containing food contact materials such as cooking utensils, kitchen equipment and packaging materials. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.
Regulators and consumers were concerned about the potential health impact resulting from al in food and the appropriateness of regulatory control of alcontaining food additives. Food additives, including aluminumcontaining food additives, can only be used in retail food in canada if they have been precleared by health canada for use in a specific food up to a specified maximum level. Aluminum in food the nature and contribution of food additives. Summary and conclusions of the sixtythird meeting of the joint faowho expert committee on food additives jecfa page 3 of 18 2. Sloth1 1division of food technology, national food institute, technical university of denmark, kemitorvet 201, dk2800 kgs. According to gb 276020112, aluminumcontaining food additives included 14 food additives, which were listed as aluminum potassium sulfate, aluminum ammonium sulfate, sodium aluminum phosphate, sodium aluminosilicate, starch aluminum octenylsuccinate, and the aluminum lake of erythrosine, tartrazine, sunset yellow, allura red, brilliant blue, ponceau 4r, new red, indigotine, and amaranth. Phosphates are among the most common food additives, found in more than 20,000 products in ewg s food scores database. The range is designed for dry applications, such as beverage, confectionery and powdered food. Consequently, we suggest that in cases where codex members propose different mls, the lowest instead of the highest ml would be used as starting point for the discussion in the working group. Aluminium content of some foods and food products in the usa, with. Aluminum metal is light in weight and silverywhite in appearance. In recent years, the usage of food additives containing aluminium has been restricted significantly. Implementation of guidelines on the use of aluminium. New eu legislation has been introduced which restricts the use of aluminiumcontaining food additives such as aluminium silicates commonly used in as anticaking agents, and aluminium lakes of colours.
The application of aluminium and certain aluminium compounds as food additives in certain foods is permitted in the european union according to regulation ec no 332008. Food and agriculture organization world health of the. Intake of aluminium from food additives varies greatly 0 to 95 mg al daily among residents in north america, with the median intake for adults being about 24 mg daily. They can be used to leaven baked goods, reduce acid and improve moisture retention and tenderness in processed meats.
Aluminium can occur in food as a result of its natural occurrence in the environment, contamination from various sources, leaching from food contact materials and the use of aluminium containing food additives. Efsa support document for eus positions for provisions for aluminiumcontaining food additives of the general standard for food additives gsfa under discussion at the 45th session of the codex committee on food additives ccfa held in beijing, china, on 18 to 22 march 20. New developmental and chronic neurotoxicity study 2010 on aluminium citrate in the rat conducted according to glp with a design based on oecd test guideline 426. A number of natural and synthetic additives are used to color foods. Codex committee on food additives only numerical maximum levels mls expressed as aluminium basis should be set for aluminium containing food additives revoked provisions and discontinued work on draft.