A focus group is a facilitated, open discussion with a small group of participants led by an experienced moderator and comoderator. Research suggests that group discussion can cause participant attitudes to become more extreme, which could in turn result in greater unification of group opinions or polarize participants. Focus group discussion diskusi kelompok terfokus sebagai metode pengumpulan data penelitian kualitatif. The market research company bmrb conducted 12 focus groups for the project. The moderator asks broad questions to elicit responses and generate discussion among. In reality the identification and recruitment function may need to be delegated to local ngo or research assistant. Focus group discussion guide for communities unicef. Invitations to participate in the focus groups were sent to 70 neighborhood, community and business stakeholders who are actively engaged in their neighborhoods in a.
The importance of group discussion and the role of participants 174 figure 1. Focus group discussion report for the civil society. Focus groups overview the focus group is an exploratory research method used to help researchers gather in. A focus group discussion involves gathering people from similar backgrounds or experiences together to discuss a specific topic of interest.
Subject knowledge, oral communication skills, leadership and team management qualities. The main characteristic of a focus group is the interaction between the moderator and the. Below is a summary of the information in the consent form that focus group organizers and facilitators should use to make sure participants understand the information in the consent form. Is a methodology or in a simple language you may call it an interview process or a group activity. Focus group discussion guidelines focus group discussions, or fgds are a qualitative research method. In a brief time the moderator must create a thoughtful, permissive atmosphere, provide ground rules, and set the tone of the discussion. The group discussion board tool appears in the my groups section and on the group homepage. Focus groups can give you both a broad and indepth overview of reactions to the product, services, or organizational. Focus group discussion guide gender and cocoa livelihoods. A focus group is a small set of six to ten people who usually share common characteristics such as age, background, geography, etc the set comes together to discuss a predetermined topic.
Focus group discussion summary sfmta held two focus group meetings on october 4th and 5th, 2016. The interview guide sets the agenda for the focus group discussion by establishing the research questions to be addressed in the focus group. Focus group weaknesses as with any research method, focus groups are not without weaknesses. The question section is where you ask the questions that you designed and tested in step 4 3. Group discussions eindhoven university of technology. This article attempts to highlight information about the major areas of evaluation which is involved in a selection gd. The aim is to gain insight into a groups attitudes, enablers and barriers to behaviour. In virtually every focus group discussion fgd, participants. In a debate, a speaker can speak either for the topic or against the topic whereas in a gd, the speaker can express both. The sample for a focus group has individuals with characteristics of the overall population and can contribute to helping the research gain a greater understanding of the topic. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. Disable group discussions you cant delete a group discussion board without deleting the group, but you can make the tool unavailable.
A great deal of the skepticism about the value of focus groups probably arises from the. Consent forms for focus group participants are completed in advance by all those seeking to participate. Depending on the research objective, the focus group can. The opening is the time for the facilitator to welcome the group, introduce the purpose and context of the focus group, explain what a focus group is and how it will flow, and make the introductions. Can listen attentively with sensitivity and empathy. One person is the facilitator and the other is the note taker. Focus group definition and meaning collins english. The groups composition and the group discussion are carefully planned to create a nonthreatening environment in. It is a form of qualitative research where questions are asked about their perceptions attitudes, beliefs, opinion or ideas. Defining and contacting participants for the fgds requires the following actions. A group of at least three but few enough members for each to perceive all others as individuals, share some identity or common purpose, and share standards for governing their activities as members definition grounded on perceptual awareness.
Debate is competitive in nature while group discussion is a cooperative group process. It is used as one of the best tools to select the prospective candidates in a comparative perspective. A focus group is a part of marketing research technique. If you want to include users in a discussion group, it is important to remember that in a discussion group it is difficult to get a re p re s e n t a t i v e sample. A focus group discussion is a qualitative data collection method that engages 6 to 12 peoplewith shared characteristics pertinent to the specific discussion topicand is led by a trained facilitator. You should there f o r e decide whether you want to include some typical users, or people who re p r esent the extremes of a user gro u p population.
Homogeneity is most often sought in terms of occupation, social class, educational level, age, education, or family characteristics, and gender unless interaction across these groups is what is driving the study. Focus group discussion aslam aman master of public health mphaslam. A typical focus group should be between 610 participants that share common characteristics. Focus group interviewing richard krueger 4 beginning the focus group discussion the first few moments in focus group discussion are critical. A focus group lasting more than 90 minutes probably includes too many questions or topics for discussion. Conducting focus group discussions the purpose of focus group discussions is to gain knowledge about a particular topic or need by interviewing a group of people directly affected by the issue. The questions and the manner in which the focus group is facilitated will vary based on the type of participants. Focus group participants should be characterized by homogeneity, but with sufficient variation to allow for contrasting opinions. During an fgd, a researcher and assistant facilitates a discussion with a small group of people using predetermined questions. Coverage is provided for the key purposes which can be served from a gd and the benefits of a group discussion. It has been observed that many candidates act or behave in a certain way or make their points in a particular manner.
How to conduct a focus group the grantsmanship center. Free and open discussion among the respondents results in generation of new ideas that can be very useful for decisionmaking. It is important to have a note taker to record the focus group feedback. Focus groups are an exploratory research tool a structured. Focus group discussion overseas development institute. Full range of group discussion skills responding using language effectively and confidently building on contributions questioning challenging early skills summarising in discussion, learners will progress from turntaking and articulating ideas, thoughts and feelings to responding, questioning, challenging, summarising and building on the. A focus group discussion fgd is a qualitative research method and data collection technique in which a selected group of people discusses a given topic or. The main difference is the group has a specific, focused discussion topic. A group discussion tries to assess the following strengths of an individual. Analyzing focus group data the analysis and interpretation of focus group data require a great deal of judgment and care, just as any other scientific approach, and regardless of whether the analysis relies on quantitative or qualitative procedures. The shared characteristics may relate to a particular problem, livelihoods occupation, age, social group, place of residence, experience of. Chapter 6 analyzing focus group results 141 participants, and that a short verbal summary at the conclusion of the discussion allows for verification.
A focus group discussion fgd is a method for collecting qualitative data that gathers community individuals together to discuss a specific topic. Abstrak metode focus group discussion fgd merupakan pendekatan yang umum digunakan untuk mengumpulkan datainformasi pada penelitian kualitatif, tidak terkecuali penelitian keperawatan yang saat ini semakin populer menggunakan metode fgd. How to conduct a successful focus group discussion atlan. At this time, the moderator makes a quick check to ensure. Everyone should participate and have a voice in the discussion. Focus group discussion conclusions blora district, central java november 2009 laura paler columbia university 1 main points there is a high demand for better government in blora, but ordinary citizens do not feel empowered to bring about change. In this case, the idea is to use a small number of exploratory groups, in an initial stage of the research, to guide the construction of the topics of the interview. A focus group discussion or fgd is a qualitative research method in the social sciences, with a particular emphasis and application in the developmental program evaluation sphere.
The method aims to obtain data from a purposely selected group of. The focus group fg has been actually employed by marketing, and is becoming importanct also in other areas. Methodology problem definition identification of sample identification of. Characteristics of focus group discussions your business. Existing posts are not removedjust made unavailable to group members. Focus group data can be used to collect information for many purposes, such as conducting a needs assessment or evaluating a program. Focus group discussion is frequently used as a qualitative approach to gain an indepth understanding of social issues. The final decision or result in a debate depends on voting while in a gd, the group reaches group. Students participation in a group discussion participants roles in a group discussion there are a number of roles that a candidate can play in a gd. The analysis sequence continues after the focus group with an immediate debriefing with the moderator and assistant moderator.
Fgds are a predetermined semistructured interview led by a skilled moderator. Focus group discussion relies on facilitators or moderators to guide the groups discussion berg, 1989. Ideally, the focus group is conducted by a team consisting of a moderator and assistant moderator. The goal of todays meeting is to understand if the internal communications and news you currently receive is effective, relevant and valuable to. A focus group is most effective with 712 participants. Focus groups require selfdisclosure of information by participants, but. The moderator can bring any changes in order to better facilitate the discussion during the group discussion. Thus, little is gained by excluding these categories of data collection because they already fall outside the broad definition of focus groups offered here. Focus groups generally utilize convenience sampling. Focus groups provide some distinct advantages to businesses and researchers. The focus group discussion fgd report is based on findings from 17 fgds and one international 25 expert conference, held in 16 countries with over 200 participants. The focus group needs to be appropriate for the type of participants in the group.
A focus group is useful in analysing a topic or getting an opinion on a. Focus group discussion guide university of washington. Cooperative learning is defined simply as students working together to. Among the more specific criteria that could be used to distinguish focus. Focus group discussion a focus group discussion fgd is a good way to gather together people from similar backgrounds or experiences to discuss a specific topic of interest. Focus groups can help clarify such perplexing information. The ideal focus group moderator has the following traits. Wherever possible, there should be a focus group team. Focus groups have discussions in which their opinions are recorded as a form of market research. A successful focus group discussion relies heavily on the development of a per missive, nonthreatening environment within the group where the participants can feel comfortable to discuss their opinions and experiences without fear that they. Focus group discussion diskusi kelompok terfokus sebagai. Focus groups are guided conversations among a number of customers or potential customers to help you learn about various aspects of your business, such as your marketing efforts, quality or customer service. Challenges associated with focus groups are most often attributed to two main factors. A focus group is a specially selected group of people who are intended to represent the general public.
Heong the focus group discussion fgd is a rapid assessment, semi. A focus group is a specially selected group of people who are intended to represent the. If this is the case, it is important that they follow guidelines agreed by the research team. The group of participants is guided by a moderator or group facilitator who introduces topics for discussion and helps the group to. The advantages of focus group discussion are as follows.